Publications (Before 2000)

Günthard, H., Frost, S.D.W., Leigh Brown, A.J., Ignacio, C. C., Kee, K., Spina, C., Havlir, D.V., Hezareh, M., Looney, D.J., Richman, D.D. and Wong, J.K. Evolution of envelope sequences of HIV-1 in cellular reservoirs in the setting of potent antiretroviral therapy. J.Virol., 73, 9404-9412, 1999. pdf

Günthard, H., Wong, J. Leigh Brown, A.J. D’Aquila, R., Ignacio, C., Johnson, V., Kuritzkes, D., and Richman, D.D. Higher selection pressure from antiretroviral drugs in vivo results in increased evolutionary distance. Virology, 259, 154-165, 1999.

Leigh Brown, A.J., Günthard, H., Wong, J., D’Aquila, R.T., Johnson, V.A., Kuritzkes, D.R. and Richman, D.D. Sequence clusters in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 reverse transcriptase are associated with subsequent virological response to antiretroviral therapy. J.Infect.Dis., 180, 1043-1049, 1999. pdf

Lockett,S., Alonso,A., Wyld, R., Robertson, J.R., Gore,S., Leen, C.L.S., Brettle, R.P., Yirrell,D.L. and Leigh Brown, A.J. Effect of chemokine receptor mutations on heterosexual HIV transmission. J.Infect. Dis., 180, 614-620, 1999 pdf

Leigh Brown, A.J., Korber, B. and Condra, J. Association between amino acids in the evolution of HIV-1 protease sequences under indinavir therapy. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 15; 247-253, 1999. pdf

Wade, C.M., Lobidel, D., and Leigh Brown, A.J. Analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env and gag sequence variants from a mother and two infected children provides evidence for the transmission of multiple sequence variants. J.Gen.Virol. 79: 1055-1068, 1998. pdf

Yirrell,D.L., Pickering,H., Palmerini,G., Hamilton,L., Rutemberwa,A., Biryahwaho,B., Whitworth,J. and Leigh Brown,A.J. Molecular epidemiological analysis of HIV in sexual networks in Uganda. AIDS 12: 285-290, 1998.

Leigh Brown, A.J., Lobidel, D., Wade, C.M., Rebus, S., Brettle, R.P., France, A.J., Leen, C.S., Ludlam, C.A., McMenamin, J., McMillan, A., Maw, R.D., Mulcahy, F., Robertson, J.R., Sankar, K.N., Scott, G., Snow, H.M. and Peutherer, J.P. The molecular epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in six cities in Britain and Ireland. Virology 235: 166-177, 1997. pdf

Leigh Brown, A.J. and Richman, D.D. HIV-1: Gambling on the evolution of drug resistance? Nature Medicine, 3: 268-271, 1997. pdf

Salvatori, F., Masiero, S., Giaquinto, C., Wade, C.M., Leigh Brown, A.J., Chieco-Bianchi, L. and De Rossi,A. Evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in HIV-1 perinatally infected infants with rapid and slow progression to disease. J.Virol. 71: 4694-4706, 1997.

Quigg, M., Rebus, S., France, A.J., McMenamin,J., Darby, G., and Leigh Brown, A.J. Mutations associated with zidovudine resistance in HIV-1 among recent seroconvertors. AIDS 11: 835-836, 1997.

Leigh Brown, A. J. Analysis of HIV-1 env gene sequences reveals evidence for a low effective population number in the virus population. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95: 1862-1865, 1997. pdf

Yirrell, D., Robertson, P., Cameron, S., Goldberg, D. and Leigh Brown, A. J. Molecular epidemiology of an HIV-1 outbreak in a Scottish prison. BMJ 344: 1446-1450, 1997.

Leigh Brown, A. J., and Cleland, A. Independent evolution of the env and pol genes of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) in patients undergoing zidovudine therapy. AIDS 10: 1067-1073, 1996.

Cleland, A., Watson, H. G., Ludlam, C.A. and Leigh Brown, A.J. Evolution of Zidovudine resistance-associated genotypes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-infected patients. J. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 12: 6-18, 1996.

McAdam, S., Klenerman, P., Tussey, L., Rowland-Jones, S., Lalloo, D., Phillips, R., Edwards, A., Ginagrande, P., Leigh Brown, A., Gotch, F. and McMichael, A. Immunogenic HIV variants that bind to HLA-B8 can fail to stimulate cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. J. Immunol. 155: 2729-2726, 1995.

Briant, L., Wade, C., Puel, J., Leigh Brown, A.J. and Guyader, M. Analysis of envelope sequence variants suggest multiple mechanisms of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J. Virol. 69: 3778-3788, 1995.

Leigh Brown, A. J. and Holmes, E.C. The evolutionary biology of human immunodeficiency virus. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 25: 127-162, 1994.

Holmes, E.C., Zhang, L.Q., Robertson, P., Cleland, A., Harvey, E., Simmonds, P. and Leigh Brown, A.J. The molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Edinburgh, Scotland. J. Infect. Dis. 171: 45-53, 1995.

Holmes, E.C., Leigh Brown, A. J. and Simmonds, P. Sequence data as evidence. Nature, 364: 766, 1993.

McKeating, J.A. Bennet,J., Zolla-Pazner, S., Schutten, M., Ashelford, S., Leigh Brown, A.J. and Balfe, P. Resistance of a human serum-selected human immunodeficiency virus type 1 escape mutant to neutralization by CD4 binding site monoclonal antibodies is conferred by a single amino acid change in gp120. J. Virol. 67: 5216-5225, 1993.

Zhang, L.Q., Robertson, P., Holmes, E. C., Cleland, A., Leigh Brown, A.J. and Simmonds, P. Selection for specific V3 sequences on transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. J.Virol. 67: 3345-3356, 1993. pdf

Holmes, E.C., Zhang, L.Q., Rogers, A.S. and Leigh Brown, A.J. Molecular investigation of HIV infection in a patient of an HIV-infected surgeon. J. Infect. Dis. 167: 1411-1414, 1993.

Rogers, A.S., Froggatt, J.W. III., Townsend, T., Gordon, T., Leigh Brown, A.J., Holmes, E.C., Zhang, L.Q. and Moses, H., III. An investigation of potential HIV transmission to the patients of an HIV-infected surgeon. J. Amer. Med. Ass. 269: 1795-1801, 1993

Rigby,M., Holmes, E.C., Pistello, M., Mackay, N., Leigh Brown, A.J. and Neil, J.C. Evolution of structural proteins of feline immunodeficiency virus; molecular epidemiology and evidence of selection for change. J. Gen. Virol. 74: 425-436, 1993.

Holmes, E.C., Zhang, L.Q., Simmonds, P., Ludlam, C.A. and Leigh Brown, A. J. Convergent and divergent sequence evolution in the surface envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 within a single infected patient. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.,89: 4835-4839 1992. pdf

Simmonds, P., Zhang, L-Q., McOmish, F., Balfe, P., Ludlam, C.A. and Leigh Brown, A.J. Discontinuous sequence change of HIV-1 env sequences in plasma viral and lymphocyte-associated proviral populations in vivo: implications for models of HIV pathogenesis. J.Virol. 65: 6266-6276, 1991. pdf

Zhang, L-Q., Simmonds, P., Ludlam, C.A. and Leigh Brown, A.J. Detection quantitation and sequencing of HIV-1 from plasma of seropositive individuals and from factor VIII concentrate. AIDS 5: 675-681, 1991

Simmonds, P., Balfe, P., Ludlam, C.A., Bishop, J.O. and Leigh Brown, A.J. Analysis of sequence diversity in hypervariable regions of the external glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J. Virol. 64: 5840-5850, 1990.

Balfe, P., Simmonds, P., Ludlam, C.A., Bishop, J.O. and Leigh Brown, A.J. Concurrent evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in patients infected from the same source: rate of sequence change and low frequency of inactivating mutations. J. Virol. 64, 6221-6233, 1990. pdf

Simmonds, P., Balfe, P., Peutherer, J.F., Ludlam, C.A., Bishop, J.O. and Leigh Brown, A.J. HIV infected individuals contain provirus in small numbers of peripheral mononuclear cells and at low copy number. J. Virol. 64, 864-872, 1990.

Leigh Brown, A.J. and Monaghan, P. Evolution of the structural proteins of HIV-1: selective constraints on nucleotide substitution. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 4, 399-407 (1988).